Map the supply chain dependencies of water and sanitation infrastructure across 100+ countries, assess concentration risks for critical inputs (pumps, pipes, treatment chemicals), and quantify the economic cost of supply disruptions.

OECD Trade Complexity Index analysis applied to WASH equipment imports across 140 countries. Cross-referenced with World Bank water infrastructure procurement data and case studies of 12 major supply disruptions (2015-2026). Supply chain concentration index calculated for 40 critical WASH product categories.

Global water supply chains are highly concentrated: China supplies 65% of submersible pumps used in Sub-Saharan Africa; Germany and Japan dominate membrane filtration technology; India supplies 80% of generic water treatment chemicals globally.

A single supply shock — like the 2021 semiconductor shortage or 2022 chemical export restrictions — can cascade through water systems serving 100M+ people. The 2020-2022 pandemic disrupted WASH supply chains in 47 countries, delaying project completion by an average of 18 months. Yet most national water strategies contain no supply chain resilience assessment.

40 per person per day in affected communities — far higher than the capital cost of implementing redundancy.